Showing posts with label collection. Show all posts
Showing posts with label collection. Show all posts

Tuesday, November 23, 2010

vokkaliga's cine artiests




www.sahyadrifoundation.com/Cinema.htm






















Friday, March 5, 2010

இளைஞர் அணி தலைவர்

தேனி மாவட்டம்
தினமலர் பிப்ரவரி 14,2010


          சங்க கூட்டம்
ஆண்டிபட்டி: கன்னியப்பபிள்ளைபட்டியில் ஒக்கலிகர் உறவின் முறை கூட்டம் இளைஞர் அணி தலைவர் பெருமாள் தலைமையில் நடந்தது.தலைவர் நாகையசாமி முன்னிலை வகித்தார்.இளைஞர் அணி செயலாளர் கணேசன் தீர்மானம் வாசித்தார்.கன்னியப்பபிள்ளைபட்டி ஊராட்சியில் ஒக்கலிக சமுதாய வாக்காளர்கள் எண்ணிக்கைக்கு தக்கபடி வார்டுகளை பிரிக்கவேண்டும் என்று வலியுறுத்தப்பட்டது.

தமிழ்நாடு அனைத்து கவுண்டர் நலச் சங்கத்தின்

thats tamil.வியாழக்கிழமை, பிப்ரவரி 23, 2006, 5:30[IST]
Save to Oneindiaமதுரை:

மதுரை வந்த முன்னாள் பிரதமர் தேவே கெளடாவை வரவேற்கும் நிகழ்ச்சியின்போது கவுண்டர் சங்கத்தினருக்கும் (கன்னட மொழி பேசும் கவுண்டர் இனத்தினரின் சங்கம்), தேவே கெளடா கட்சியினருக்கும் இடையே பெரும் மோதல் ஏற்பட்டது.

தமிழ்நாடு அனைத்து கவுண்டர் நலச் சங்கத்தின் 2வது மாநில மாநாடு திண்டுக்கல்லில் நடந்தது. இதைத் தொடங்கி வைப்பதற்கு தேவே கெளடா அழைக்கப்பட்டிருந்தார். இந் நிகழ்ச்சியில் கலந்து கொள்வதற்காக பெங்களூரிலிருந்து தனி விமானம் மூலம் கெளடா மதுரை வந்தார்.

விமான நிலையத்தில் கெளடாவை வரவேற்பதற்கு கவுண்டர் சங்கத்தினரும், கெளடாவின் கட்சியைச் சேர்ந்தவர்களும் குழுமியிருந்தனர்.

அப்போது விமான நிலையத்திற்குள் நுழைய இரு தரப்பினரும் முயன்றதால் அங்கு பரபரப்பு ஏற்பட்டது.

அனுமதி பாஸ் இல்லாமல் யாரும் உள்ளே நுழைய முடியாது என்று பாதுகாவலர்கள் மறுத்து விட்டனர். இந் நிலையில் கெளடா கட்சியின் மதுரை தலைவர் ஜான் மோசஸ் உள்ளே நுழைய பாதுகாவலர்கள் அனுமதித்தனர்.

இதற்கு கவுண்டர் நலச் சங்கத்தின் மாநிலத் தலைவர் கருணாகரன் எதிர்ப்புத் தெரிவித்தார்.

இதனால் அங்கு பெரும் தள்ளுள்ளு ஏற்பட்டது. பின்னர் போலீஸார் தலையிட்டு இரு தரப்பினரையும் தனித்தனியாக நிற்க வைத்தனர். அப்போதும் அவர்கள் அடங்கவில்லை. ஒருவரையொருவர் விமர்சித்தபடி இருந்தனர்.

இவர்களின் குழப்பத்தால் விமான நிலையத்திலிருந்து வெளியேற முடியாமல் பயணிகள் தவித்தனர். ஒருவழியாக இரு தரப்பினரும் அடங்கினர்.

பின்னர் கெளடா வந்ததும் இரு தரப்பினரும் தள்ளுமுல்லு செய்தபடி தனித்தனியாக வரவேற்பு அளித்து அழைத்துச் சென்றனர்.

Sunday, February 28, 2010

பிரிட்டிஷ்

thanks;jeaymohan.in
அன்புள்ள ஜயமோகன்

பிராமணர்கள் தமிழக மன்னவர்களிடம் சலுகைகள் பெற்றார்கள், வாஸ்தவம்தான். ஆனால் பிரிட்டிஷ் அதிகாரம் கீழே ஒரு சலுகையும் பெறவில்லை. பிரிட்டிஷ் காலனீய ஆதிக்கத்தில் பிராமணர்களுக்கு கல்வியிலோ, உத்யோகத்திலோ , வீடு, நிலங்களிலோ ஒரு சலுகையும் இல்லை. பிரிட்டிஷர் போட்டி முறை கல்வியில் நிறைய இடங்கள் பெற்று , அதனால் அந்தஸ்தும், உத்யோகங்களையும் பிராமணர் பெற்றனர்; அதை ‘சலுகை ‘ என சொல்ல முடியாது. பிரிட்டிஷர் காலத்தில் வங்கி, வணிகத் துறையில் செட்டியர்கள் பிரபலமாக இருந்தனர் – அதுவும் சலுகை இல்லை. மரபினால் கொடுக்கப் பட்ட வல்லமைகள் சில சரித்திர காலங்களில் சில சமூகங்களுக்கு மிகவும் உதவியாக இருந்து, அந்த சமூகங்களின் பொருள்நிலை உயர்ந்தது. அது அரசாங்க நிர்வாக தீர்ப்பினால் ஏற்பட்டது அல்ல. அப்படிப்பட்ட ‘சரித்திர உதவிகளும்’ சாஸ்வதம் இல்லை.
அதனால் ” வெள்ளைய ஆட்சியின்கீழ் சலுகையும் அதிகாரமும் பெற்று வல்லமையுடன் விளங்கிய பிராமண ஆதிக்கத்துக்கு எதிரானதாக அது உருவானது. ” என்பது சரியில்லை.
மதிப்புடன்
வன்பாக்கம் விஜயராகவன்


அந்தக்கோணம் எனக்கு ஏற்புடையதாக இல்லை. பிராமணர்கள் மேல் வெள்ளைய ஆட்சியாளர்களுக்கு இருந்த தனிப்பட்ட கரிசனத்துக்கு ஆதாரமாக அவர்களுக்கு சலுகையும் முன்னுரிமையும் கொடுக்க வேண்டும் என ஏராளமான வெள்ளை ஆட்சியாளர்கள் எழுதி வைத்த குறிப்புகள் கிடைக்கின்றன. தேவர், நாயர், டாக்கூர், வொக்கலிக, நாயக்கர் போன்ற பெரும்பாலான சாதியினர் ஒருங்கிணைந்த முறையில் பிரிட்டிஷ் ஆட்சியினர் மேல் தக்குதல் தொடுத்து கலகம் செய்து தோற்கடிக்கப்பட்டிருக்கின்றனர். அந்த வகையான எந்த எதிர்ப்பையும் பிரிட்டிஷ் ஆட்சியாளர்கள் மேல் பொதுவாக பிராமணர் காட்டவில்லை– விதிவிலக்கு மராட்டிய பிராமணர்கள். பின்னர் பிராமணர்கள்  ஆங்கிலக் கல்வி வழியாக உலகப்புரிதல் அடைந்தபோது அவர்களில் தேசிய உணர்வும் எதிர்ப்பும் உருவாகி வந்தது– இதுவே வரலாறு
ஜெ

Thursday, February 25, 2010

Okkaliga

Panisaivan Panisaivan

Okkaliga

ETHNONYMS: Gangadikara Okkalu, the peasant caste, Vokkaliga, Wokkaliga

The Okkaligas are the dominant landowning and cultivating caste in the multicaste population of southern Karnataka State in southwestern peninsular India. Among the hundreds of villages in which Okkaligas live is Rampura (population 1,523, 735 of whom are Okkaligas, ca. 1955), which is the focus of this entry and which displays many of the features typical of Okkaliga villages in India.

The village of Rampura is located on the Mysore-Hogur bus road about 32 kilometers from Mysore. The village is a cluster of houses and huts with thatched or tiled roofs; narrow, uneven winding streets running between the rows of houses. Surrounding the village are numerous plots owned by individual landowners. Rampura is an interdependent unit, largely self-sufficient, having its own village assembly (panchayat ), watch, ward, officials, and servants. In the multicaste village of Rampura the relationship of castes appears to be determined more by the economic positions of the various members than by tradition. As agriculture is the primary way of life the peasants are the dominant caste. The hereditary headman (patel ) and hereditary accountant (shanborg ) are both peasants. The headman's responsibility is to represent the village to the government and vice versa. The accountant keeps a register of how much land each head of a family or joint family has and the amount of tax on the land. The elders of the dominant caste are spokespersons for the village and owe their power not to legal rights derived from the state but to the dominant local position of their caste. The elders of the dominant peasant caste in Rampura administer justice not only to members of their own caste group but also to all persons of other castes who seek their intervention.

Agriculture dominates village life. The cultivation of rice is the main activity in the village. Meticulous attention to and irrigation of the rice is necessary throughout the period of cultivation, the rainy season from June to January. The conclusion of the harvest is marked by the festival of Sankranti. During the dry season other social activities such as weddings occur.

Each of the seventeen castes living in Rampura has a distinctive tradition with strong ties with the same caste in Villages nearby. The village has a vertical unity of many castes whereas each caste has a horizontal unity through alliances beyond the village. Other major castes and their traditional occupations include the Kuruba (shepherd), the Musalman (artisan and trader), Holeya (servant and laborer), and the Madiga (Harijans). Although paddy and millet grain were principally used in trade, money is used more frequently today. Maintenance of caste separation was achieved through ideas of purity and pollution. Beliefs and behaviors including diet, occupation, and ritual distinguish higher from lower castes. Two examples of this are the rules governing the acceptance of water or cooked food between castes and the rule of caste endogamy.

At one time it was customary for two families, one belonging to an upper caste and the other to an Untouchable caste, to be linked in a master-servant relationship (jajmani ).

Independence has begun a process of social change in which many of the traditional forms and orders have been replaced.

The regional language is Kannada and the principal Religion is Hindu. The principal temples in Rampura are the Temples of Rama, Basava, Hatti Mari, and Kabbala Durgada Mari. These are endowed with agricultural land.

The kin group is agnatic with preference for cross-cousin marriage. Traditionally the Okkaligas live in joint families with the wife joining the home of her husband's family. Since Independence the joint families have tended to become smaller.

There is a fairly strict sexual division of labor with few women working outside the home. Boys work on the land early, while girls work in and around the house. An Okkaliga is buried on his or her ancestral land; and the land is an important part of one's life from an early age.

Sunday, January 17, 2010

இலக்கியம்


  திரு.சு வேணுகோபால் . முக்கியமான இளம் தமிழ் எழுத்தாளர். இவரின் நுண்வெளி கிரணங்கள்  எனும் நாவல், மதுரை ஒக்கலிக் கவுண்டர்களின் வாழ்க்கைப் பதிவு.அருமையான நாவல். பூமிக்குள் ஓடுகிறது நதி , கூந்தப்பனை முதலிய சிறுகதை தொகுப்புகள் தமிழினி வெளியீடக வந்துள்ளன. மூன்றுதலைமுறை வரலாற்றை சொல்லும் பெரும் நாவல் ஒன்றின் பணியில் இருக்கிறார். மதுரை அமெரிக்கன் கல்லூரி ஆசிரியர் .

Friday, January 1, 2010

சரித்திரம்

wikipedia

Origins

Vokkalathana in Kannada language means tilling land and Vokkaliga means one who tills land. The agricultural communities of south Karnataka are called Vokkaligas.
People belonging to Vokkaliga community are known as Okkalia of Utkala Kingdom. Many more people of different communities use Gowda as surname. Vokkaliga have names such as Gowda, Gowder, Gounder, Reddy, Rao, Naidu and Naicker as the title after their name in the States of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and these names are being used in the modern time to identify the group to which a person belongs[2]
A Gowda, also spelled Gowdaru or Gauda or Nayaka( = Head / Chief) is the not a name of any caste. Gowda is a leader of a group or Head of Territory. The Gowdas claim to be Land Lords and Village Head Men and are known to be the dominant and powerful caste group in the Village.[1]
Vokkaliga Gowdas are known for their agricultural activities and recorded prosperity through cultivation. The common saying "Gowda chennagiddare ooru Chennagiruthe" means "When a Gowda is happy the whole Village is Happy". This implies the significance of the group among the Socio-Economic Groups.[1]

[edit] Other References

Vokkaliga
The Vokkaligars was neither a caste nor a cult in previous periods of history also succumbed to the influence of this system and became one of the dominant ‘castes’ in the Indian society which undergone several transformations and fractured into different sub divisions such as
  • Gangadkar/Gangatkar(ganga kshatriya)Vokkaliga
  • Kunchitiga Vokkaliga
  • Rodhagaru vokkaliga
  • Morasu Vokkaliga
  • Hallikar Vokkaliga
  • Reddy Vokkaliga
  • Gudi Vokkaliga
  • Grama Vokkaliga
  • Keeraikara Vokkaliga
  • Draupadi karagada vokkaliga
  • Kappu Vokkaliga
  • Namdhari Vokkaliga
  • Musuku Vokkaliga
  • Nonaba Vokkaliga
  • kotte vokkaliga
  • halakki Vokkaliga
  • Uppina kolaga Vokkaliga
  • Daasa Vokkaliga
  • Hosadevaru Vokkaliga
  • Jogi Vokkaliga
Kunchitiga vokkaligas literally means traditional and they were known for being conservative and ardent followers of traditions and were mostly farmers.
Rodhagaru vokkaligas mainly found in Tumkur(Mainly in Pavagada,Madhugiri,gowri bidanuru),Bangalore,chitradurga,davanagere,Haveri etc.The name rodhagaru has been derived from the name of goddess 'Rodhamma'.this temple is in rodham village near Penagonda belongs to andhra pradesh.
Namadhari Vokkaligaru mainly found in Malenadu region of Karnataka. (Mainly in Shimoga and Chikkamagaluru Districts). Namadhari Vokkaligas form a major population of Vokkaliga Community.
Gudi vokkaliga literally means guard or guest that perhaps related either to the duty of guarding the community or they were known for entertaining the guests and this division is an off shoot of one of the kula viz Gudioru [Gudi=guest, oru or avaru =company, also used to call a person in respectable way in their Kannada language].
Grama vokkaliga is the vokkaliga community residing in Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka. The phrase 'grama(ಗ್ರಾಮ)' refers to village (ಗ್ರಾಮ/ಊರು), the main profession is agriculture.
Kerraikarar vokkaligar were very honest and keep up their words as understood from the meaning of the name of the sect and their main occupation was cultivating ‘kirai’ (Amranthus leaves) and other vegetables.
Gangadiga Vokkaliga(Gangatkars) of Western Ganga Dynasty share their origin with the Thooran Kootam of the Kongu Vellalar Gounder caste of Tamil Nadu and migrated to Halebidu, near Hassan in Southern Karnataka. The Vokkaligas of the Mysore are mostly Gangadikars of endogamous division This community was further fractured into more than thirty castes in South India. They are Hallikkar, Alubalija Naidu, Arumudi, Basunadi, Belakavadi, Devaru, Dhandi-vandake, Eazhibkka, Ellamakappu, Gangala, Gowda, Kamma, Konganiga, Kumbi, Malava, Musuku, Moasureddy, Murlay, Namadhari, Nadavaru, Nunubha, Nunubhakappu, Okkulu makkalu, Osadevaru, Palayakottai Pattakkarars, Pandi, Pandaru bellakudi, Pammareddy, Pattikasalina, Reddy, Sathsappa, Summareddy, Uppinagonika and Varajha. The genetic, ethnographic, and historical studies have shown that the castes of the Hindu have been highly endogamous for several thousand years
Daupadi karagada vokkaliga, Chalukya kshatriyas,([Estern chalukya kshatriyas])who are chandra vamsha kshatriyas or 'vannela kshatriyas or vahnikula kshatriyas' in thelagu vannela means (BELADINGALU)they also known as Chalukya kshatriyas,Badami chalukya kshatriyas,western chalukya kshatriyas,agnikula kshatriyas and pandava kishkinde(krishna) vokkaligas they were having very close relations with ganga kshatriyas(gangatkar vokkaliga)agnikula kshatriya, vannyakula kshatriya, palli kappu reddy, vanne kappu reddy, Dharmaraju kappu reddy, raju kshatriya reddy, raju reddy, chalukya kappu. they are purely belongs to kannadigas who ruled almost south and north india and they split to different casts in different states in chalukya period in india
Distribution of Vokkaligas
The populations of Vokkaligas of different sub-divisions had settled down in the districts of Darwar, Davengere, Chitradurga, Bellary, Raichur,Tumkur, Kolar, Bangalore, Shimoga, Hassan, Mandya,chickaballapur, Uttara Kannada and Mysore of Karnataka State;Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh and Palaghat of Kerala State in South India. They hadalso settled down in more than 200 villages in the districts of Dharmapuri, Salem, Nilagiris, Coimbatore, Erode, Karur, Trichy, Dindigul, Madurai, Theni, Tirunelvelli and Kancheevaram in Tamil Nadu State of Southern India.
Among the different sub-divisions of Vokkaligas, Kunchitigas belong to about 35 Gotras(Kulas) out of 101 known (Veerakyathaiah, 2005). A large portion of vokkaligas are found in the districts of Chitradurga, Tumkur, Bangalore and Mysore in the state of Karnataka. They are also found in various cosmopolitan cities of Andhrapradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu States in Southern India. [1]

[edit] History

The Yelahankanadu (14 km (8.7 mi) from Bangalore) Prabhus were Gowdas or tillers of the Land. They belonged to Morasu Vokkalu sect, the ancestors of which were migrants from Morasunadu near Kanchipuram (on the Bangalore–Madras Highway). Fourth in succession from Rana Bhairave Gowda, founder of the dynasty of Avati Nadu Prabhus and great grandson of Jaya Gowda, who established separate dynasty, is the famous Yelahanka Nadu Prabhus, Kempe Gowda I who ruled for 46 years commencing his reign from 1513. Jaya Gowda accepted the sovergnity of the Vijayanagar emperor.[2]
The Gangadikar/Gangatkar Gowdas were the Vokklaigas in other parts of Karnataka. The name Gangadicara, which is derived from the word Gangawadi–kara, meaning the inhabitant of Gangawadi is a relic of Ganga Dynasty Rule and has since survived in this part of Karnataka.[1]
Kempe Gowdas of the Morasu Vokkaliga sect, were great rulers who were concerned in the welfare of their subjects and spent lavishly in the construction of tanks, agraharas (suburbs of Brahmins), temples and forts. The Vokkaligas rendered great service in the fields of agriculture, animal husbandry and soldiery. Kempegowda I conquered Sivaganga principality, 30 mi (48.3 km) from Bangalore on Bangalore–Poona Hwy. Next, he annexed Domlur which is on the road from Bangalore to Old Bangalore Airport. Within this vast forest area, in 1537, he erected a mud fort and built the Township of Bangalore.[1]
Kempe Gowda I (1510 - 1570), whose ancestor had immigrated from Kancheepuram to the neighborhood of Bangalore due to a personal feud with the chief of Kancheepuram established the city of Bangalore under the Vijayanagar empire. The document describing the city as he conceptualised it, written in Telugu the commonly spoken language of this region, is still preserved. This language is still spoken in the villages of Bangalore, Yelahanka, Devanahalli, Doddaballapur, Hoskote, Anekal and Hosur districts.[2]
Kempe Gowda I next annexed Ulsoor and Hesaraghatta. Bangalore's four main streets of the Old Bengaluru Pete, the Chickpete and Doddapete leading to Ulsoor gate, the Sondekoppa gate, the Yelahanka gate and the Anekal gate were laid. Kempe Gowda shifted his capital from Yelahanka to Bangalore. Vijayanagar Emperor Achuta Raya granted Kempe Gowda I the neighboring villages of Begur, Jigani, Varthur, Kengeri, Banavara and Kumbalgode, besides many other hamlets yielding a revenue of 30,000 varahas. Kempe Gowda I built the cave temple of Gavi Gangadhareswara at Gavipur, the Bull Temple in Basavanagudi, the Kempambudhi Tank and the Dharambudhi Tank. His successor, Kempe Gowda II, built the Ulsoor Lake, the Karanjee Tank, the Sampangi Tank, the Someswara Temple of Ulsoor, the famous four Kempe Gowda Towers and the Ranganatha Temple in Balepete, Bangalore.[1]
KempeGowda is a renowned name and is duly honoured by naming the prime locations of Karnataka in his name. A statue of Kempegowda I is erected in the city centre, in front of the Bangalore City Corporation office.[3]
It is a fact that being the Ruler he promoted the upliftment of the backward classes and built colonies such as Thigalar Pet, Kumbar Pet for specific backward classes to ensure their welfare.[1]
There is an inscription in old Kannada,dated 1628, in the Ranganatha Temple, the English translation of which is "Be it well, When Rajadhi-Raja-Parameshwara Vira Pratapa Vira-Maha-Deva Maharaya seated in the Jewel throne was ruling the empire of the world: When of the Asannavakula, the Yelahanka Nadu Prabhu Kempanacharya-Gauni's grandson Kempe Gowdas son, Immadi Kempegaunayya was ruling a peaceful kingdom in righteousness". With the decline of the Vijayanagar Empire, the eclipse of the rule of Yelahanka Nadu Prabhus took place at the dawn of the Seventeenth century.[1]

[edit] Vokkaliga Organisations

There are several Vokkaliga organisations serving the community .
Vokkaligara Sangha : The Vokkaligara Sangha was founded in the year 1906 to promote social, cultural and educational aspirations of the agricultural community of the erstwhile Mysore State.Vokkaligara Sangha has it head quarters in Bangalore and has many affiliated regional sanghas. Today, Vokkaligara Sangha is one of the premium Community Organisation in Karnataka State and serving the Vokkaliga community in different areas. Sangha owns reputed educational institutions like Bangalore Institute of Technology, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS) etc.[citation needed]
Vokkaligara sanga has well structured election system . Elected members handle key roles in Sangha's activities and Sanga owned institutions .Elected members serve as community representative of their region.[citation needed]
Vokkaligara Parishat of America (VPA):VPA was established in 1991 and located in Illianos, USA . VPA is dedicated to assist and promote literacy, cultural, educational, social, economic, health of rural farming community. VPA is serving the North American Vokkaliga Community. VPA is also involved in various Charity works.[citation needed]

[edit] Community today

Vokkaligas once known for their successful agricultural activities now have diversified in to different fields with mild to moderate success.
Since the early days Vokkaligas have played a very vital and dominant role in Karnataka Politics and also Union Politics.
Mr. K.C. Reddy and Mr. Kengal Hanumanthaiah prominent among them were the Presidents of Mysore Pradesh Congress and after freedom became the Chief Ministers of Mysore State. Sowcar Channaiah and Mr.Nagaiah Reddy also became Presidents of Mysore Pradesh Congress, Mr. Kadidal Manjappa another freedom fighter also became the Chief Minister of Mysore State for a period of two months until the reorganization of States till Mysore State became of part of Karnataka. The former Prime minister of India, H.D. Deve Gowda belongs to this community.
The renowned Kannada poet Kuvempu, who advocated the Universal Humanism (Viswamaanava) concept, is a Vokkaliga. The members of the Vokkaliga community have made a mark in all fields.
They are active members in Politics,Bureacracy,Art,Literature,Technology,Business and sports.
Even to date Karnataka Politics is controlled by the Vokkaliga Leaders.